埃博拉动态 — 最新通报与时间线

ECDC Stockholm's 20 May 09:00 CEST Wednesday morning BDBV situation update aligned to the Brussels HSC open: EU/EEA risk held VERY LOW for general residents and LOW for travellers visiting Ituri, North Kivu, Kinshasa or Uganda's western border districts; Threat Tracking Tool updated with the INRB overnight sequencing publish, the BNI Hamburg Stafford clinical progression, and the joint DRC / Uganda confirmed-count moving to 21. ECDC co-chairs the HSC ebola item with WHO Europe Regional Director Dr Hans Kluge; the 14-point pre-read is now Member-State circulated.

Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin Hamburg 20 May 10:00 CEST Wednesday-morning UKE-Eppendorf joint clinical bulletin on Dr Peter Stafford: 36 hours post the first compassionate-use mAb114 infusion the patient remains haemodynamically stable on the BSL-4 isolation ward, viral load on the joint BNI / Charité PCR panel is trending down by 1.2 log10 versus the admission read, no infusion-related adverse events; wife Dr Rebekah Stafford and colleague Dr Patrick LaRochelle PCR-negative on the day-3 sweep. BARDA director Dr Gary Disbrow joins the next clinical review at 18:00 CEST.

Uganda Ministry of Health 20 May 10:30 CAT (10:30 CEST) Wednesday-morning Kampala bulletin from Health Minister Dr Jane Ruth Aceng Ocero: two additional laboratory-confirmed BDBV cases — a 41-yo female contact of the Kibuli index case and a 28-yo cross-border trader from Mbarara presenting at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital — bring Uganda's confirmed-count to 5 with 2 deaths. Central Public Health Laboratories Wandegeya and the joint UPDF Joint Medical Storage Centre have deployed mobile sequencing platforms to Mbarara and Kasese, and a 21-day enhanced surveillance corridor is open across all border crossings with DRC.

Africa CDC 20 May 11:00 CAT (10:00 CEST) Wednesday-morning Addis Ababa IMST 72-hour rolling update from Director-General Dr Jean Kaseya: cumulative joint DRC + Uganda confirmed-count 21 (16 DRC + 5 Uganda), suspected caseload 540 across nine Ituri health zones plus Kinshasa, Goma, Kampala, Mbarara; 145 associated deaths against the joint case-management aggregate. The continental Pandemic Fund earmark of US$ 27M is fully obligated, the African Medicines Agency rolling-review pathway for BDBV-specific monoclonal antibodies is open, and IFRC safe-and-dignified-burial corridors are live at Goma and Bunia.

MSF Rwampara 20 May 12:00 CAT (12:00 CEST) Wednesday-midday field-hospital bulletin from site lead Dr Marie-José Frémery: the 18-bed Rwampara Ebola Treatment Centre is at full 18/18 occupancy with new admissions overflowing into the second-line tent annex; 2 deceased patients moved to the joint MSF / DRC Red Cross safe-burial site at 06:00 CAT. The Bunia airbridge is moving an additional 14 international staff and a third mobile sequencing platform across the Wednesday window; the expanded 28-bed second-line annex breaks ground on the Thursday morning under MSF emergency project lead Dr Trish Newport.

UNICEF 20 May 13:00 CEST (07:00 EDT) Wednesday-morning New York statement from Executive Director Catherine Russell: the agency's Goma logistics hub is now moving 480 metric tonnes of WASH, PPE, IPC and community-engagement supplies into Ituri via the Bunia airbridge under MONUSCO escort; 32 community-engagement teams operational at Mongbwalu, Rwampara and the Goma transit corridor with the Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) cell joint-led with WHO and the DRC MoH. Russell flags school-suspension protocols across nine Ituri zones and the cross-border Kampala primary-care cluster.

WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus issues a 20 May 13:00 CEST Wednesday-midday Geneva statement on BDBV: cumulative line list now at 21 lab-confirmed cases (16 DRC + 5 Uganda) and >140 deaths against 540+ suspected cases per the joint INRB / Uganda CPHL / NICD close at 12:00 CAT, with the previous-24h delta the largest single-day rise since the 17 May PHEIC declaration. Tedros reiterates his WHA 'scale and speed' framing, confirms the BNI Hamburg cross-species mAb114 administration is showing early viral-load decline, and announces a US$ 87M WHO Contingency Fund appeal in addition to the Pandemic Fund US$ 27M earmark.

Reuters Africa-desk wire at 13:30 CEST Wednesday 20 May from Bunia: the joint MONUSCO / FARDC / WHO security cordon around the Bunia Ebola Treatment Centre, the Salama-clinic and the Rwampara field hospital holds through the Wednesday-morning admissions window, with Reuters reporters witnessing 18 new suspect-case admissions off the Mongbwalu–Bunia corridor and 4 deceased patients moved to the joint MSF / DRC Red Cross safe-burial site. Africa-bureau chief David Lewis confirms the suspected-case caseload has crossed 540 across nine Ituri health zones plus Kinshasa, Goma, Kampala and Mbarara.

Associated Press files a 20 May 14:00 CEST Wednesday-afternoon Bunia wire: the AP / BBC Joint Africa Bureau confirms the joint DRC MoH / Uganda MoH / WHO line list now at 21 lab-confirmed and 145 associated deaths across the DRC + Uganda response footprint; the Bunia airbridge has flown 36 international responders and 4 mobile sequencing platforms across the past 72 hours under MONUSCO escort. AP photojournalist Jérôme Delay documents the safe-and-dignified-burial corridor at the joint MSF / DRC Red Cross Goma transit centre; the piece is the lead Africa story across the Wednesday AP wire.

STAT News publishes a 20 May 14:15 CEST (08:15 ET) Wednesday-morning follow-up on the BNI Hamburg compassionate-use mAb114 administration to Dr Peter Stafford: 36-hour post-infusion clinical data shows a 1.2 log10 viral-load decline on the joint BNI / Charité PCR panel and stable hepatic and renal function; Vanderbilt's James Crowe is now coordinating the cross-species filovirus-mAb consortium for additional compassionate-use slots, with two BARDA-funded inmazeb (REGN-EB3) IND amendments expected by Friday and a ZMapp expanded-access pathway in late review at FDA/BARDA.

CNN International files a 20 May 14:30 CEST Wednesday-afternoon Goma wire by chief Africa correspondent Larry Madowo: 'the corridor between Goma and Bunia is the new frontline of the response' with MONUSCO-escorted convoys now running daily on the 350km axis under MSF / WHO RCCE coordination. CNN documents the second-line 28-bed Rwampara annex breaking ground, the Goma transit centre IFRC safe-burial corridor handling 4 dignified burials on the Wednesday morning, and the cross-border Kampala–Mbarara joint surveillance cluster activated under Uganda MoH and the East African Community.

U.S. CDC / DHS joint 20 May 14:45 CEST (08:45 ET) Wednesday-morning Title 42 entry-restriction operational update: the 21-day entry restriction on non-US travellers who have been in DRC, Uganda or South Sudan in the prior 21 days is active across all 18 designated airports of entry (Atlanta Hartsfield, JFK New York, Dulles Washington, O'Hare Chicago, LAX Los Angeles, etc.); enhanced screening protocols include temperature, symptom checklist, contact-detail capture and 21-day post-arrival public-health monitoring. CDC Level 2 travel notice for DRC and Level 1 for Uganda remain in force.

WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus issues a 20 May 22:00 CEST Wednesday late-evening Geneva statement on BDBV: cumulative line list now at 47 lab-confirmed cases (40 DRC + 7 Uganda) and >138 deaths against 615+ suspected cases per the joint INRB / Uganda CPHL / NICD close at 22:00 CAT, with the previous-24h delta still tracking the largest single-day rise since the 17 May PHEIC declaration. Tedros reiterates the WHA 'scale and speed' framing, confirms the BNI Hamburg cross-species mAb114 administration is now showing a 1.6 log10 viral-load decline at 60h, and underscores the US$ 87M WHO Contingency Fund appeal alongside the Pandemic Fund US$ 27M earmark.

INRB Kinshasa's 20 May 22:30 CEST (22:30 WAT) Wednesday-evening sequencing-and-confirmation close: the joint INRB / Mongbwalu rapid-response panel posts 9 new BDBV PCR-positive confirmations across the Wednesday window (5 Mongbwalu HZ + 3 Rwampara HZ + 1 Bunia), pushing the DRC confirmed-case line to 40 across eleven Ituri health zones plus Kinshasa, Goma and North Kivu. Director Prof Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum confirms the joint Africa Pathogen Genomics Initiative cohort sequencing run is on track for Thursday-morning publication on Virological.org; the next bulletin is queued for 03:00 CEST Thursday post-midnight.

Africa CDC Addis Ababa IMST 20 May 22:30 CEST Wednesday-evening update: the regional incident-management cell confirms the joint DRC + Uganda BDBV line at 47 confirmed / 138 deaths, with 14 international responders and a fourth mobile sequencing platform routed via the Bunia airbridge under MONUSCO escort overnight. Director-General Dr Jean Kaseya reiterates the cross-border surveillance posture across DRC, Uganda, South Sudan, Rwanda and Burundi, confirms the African Medicines Agency standing item for the Thursday 09:00 CAT working group, and queues the next IMST update for 03:00 CEST Thursday.

MSF Rwampara 20 May 22:00 CAT (22:00 CEST) Wednesday-evening field-hospital wrap from site lead Dr Marie-José Frémery: the 18-bed Rwampara Ebola Treatment Centre is at full occupancy with the second-line tent annex now carrying 6 additional admissions, and the 28-bed second-line build broke ground on schedule at the Wednesday-afternoon ceremony. The joint MSF / DRC Red Cross safe-burial corridor handled 3 dignified burials on the late-afternoon window; the third mobile sequencing platform arrives Thursday-morning under MONUSCO escort. The new MSF emergency project lead Dr Trish Newport confirms night-shift handover at 22:30 CAT.

Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin (BNI) Hamburg 20 May 22:30 CEST Wednesday-evening clinical note on Dr Peter Stafford: 60-hour post-mAb114-infusion clinical data shows a 1.6 log10 viral-load decline on the joint BNI / Charité PCR panel and continued stable hepatic and renal function, with the patient now tolerating oral fluid challenges and an early ambulation trial. Spouse Dr Rebekah Stafford and colleague Dr Patrick LaRochelle remain asymptomatic and PCR-negative on the day-3 post-arrival sweep; the next BNI clinical bulletin is queued for 03:00 CEST Thursday post-midnight.

INRB Kinshasa publishes a 19 May 09:00 CAT (10:00 CEST) Tuesday lab note: full whole-genome sequencing of the Mongbwalu, Rwampara and Bunia patient panel — 18 samples passed through the Illumina MiSeq run with mean coverage >150x across the L, GP, NP and VP35 genes — confirms a single Bundibugyo virus introduction with >99.7% nucleotide identity across the cluster and the closest archived match being the 2012 Isiro outbreak consensus at 96.4% identity. The dataset is co-published with the African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), the Institut Pasteur de Dakar and the US-CDC Viral Special Pathogens Branch on Virological.org and accessioned to GISAID.

Africa CDC's Incident Management Support Team issues its 19 May 72-hour update from the AU HQ: cumulative tally rises to 16 lab-confirmed cases (13 DRC across Bunia, Rwampara, Mongbwalu, Iga-Barrière, Tchomia, Kinshasa, Goma plus 3 Uganda Kampala) and 112 deaths against 432+ suspected cases. The 72-hour action plan is on track — 38 epidemiologists and IPC specialists deployed across 9 Ituri health zones, 4 BSL-3 mobile sequencing platforms operational in Bunia and Goma, and the African Medicines Agency confirms compassionate-use MEURI protocols for mAb114 in BDBV are in legal review with the DRC and Uganda national authorities.

Uganda's Ministry of Health confirms a third lab-positive BDBV case in Kampala on 19 May — a 34-year-old healthcare worker at Mulago National Referral Hospital who had managed the index Kibuli Muslim Hospital decedent on 13–14 May without full PPE. The Wandegeya Central Public Health Laboratory issued the confirmation on the Tuesday-morning courier run; the patient is moved into isolation at the Entebbe Hospital high-consequence-infectious-disease ward and the Mulago hospital contact ring is widened to 78 high-risk and 142 low-risk contacts under 21-day follow-up by the Uganda Public Health Emergency Operations Centre.

Médecins Sans Frontières opens its second purpose-built Ebola treatment centre in Bunia on 19 May with a 48-bed capacity, joined by the MSF rapid-deployment teams already operational at the Bunia Salama clinic (24 beds) and the Rwampara health-zone field hospital (18 beds). The Mongbwalu treatment-centre construction is in the final 48-hour push with handover scheduled for the morning of 21 May. MSF deploys 280 international and national staff across the four sites, with the DRC Ministry of Health, the WHO AFRO logistics hub at Goma, and UNICEF coordinating PPE, body-bag and chlorine-solution resupply on the daily Bunia airbridge.

WHO AFRO Regional Director Dr Matshidiso Moeti issues a 19 May Tuesday update from the WHO AFRO situation room: a Level 3 emergency grading is maintained for the DRC and Uganda outbreaks; 142 international and national WHO surge personnel are now deployed across Ituri, Kinshasa, Goma and Kampala, with mobile BSL-3 sequencing platforms operational in Bunia and Goma; cross-border surveillance with South Sudan, Rwanda and Burundi is fully activated under the IHR-2005 PHEIC temporary recommendations. WHO AFRO confirms the IHR Emergency Committee will reconvene on 9 June to review the response and reassess the PHEIC determination.

UNICEF Headquarters in New York announces a 19 May Tuesday rapid-response deployment to Ituri Province and Kampala: 4 800 PPE kits, 12 mobile WASH units, 38 cold-chain transport containers and 22 community-engagement teams are airlifted via the Goma-airbridge through the week, with funding from the UNICEF Emergency Programme Fund, the Pandemic Fund and a joint USAID / FCDO / EU-HumAid earmark. Executive Director Catherine Russell flags the safe-burial and risk-communication workstream — historically the dominant control lever for BDBV outbreaks — as the priority operational gap; the workstream is co-led with the DRC Red Cross and the IFRC.

The Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin Hamburg issues a 19 May Tuesday-evening 18:00 CEST clinical bulletin on Dr Peter Stafford, the American Serge physician transferred from Bunia on 18 May: the patient is stable on day-3 of admission to the BNI high-consequence-infectious-disease ward, on supportive care with intravenous fluids and electrolyte correction, with viral-load PCR trending down from a Ct of 19.8 on admission to 22.4 on the Tuesday-morning sample. BARDA has approved a compassionate-use IND for mAb114 under the Zaire-only label and the first infusion is administered at 14:30 CEST under joint BNI / CDC-VSPB / BARDA oversight; his wife and Dr Patrick LaRochelle remain asymptomatic.

U.S. CDC Atlanta Acting Director Dr Susan Monarez chairs the 19 May 14:00 EDT (20:00 CEST) Tuesday-afternoon telebriefing on the Bundibugyo response: the EOC is held at Level 2, the Global Rapid Response Team is now at 31 personnel deployed across Bunia, Kinshasa, Goma and Kampala, and the Title 42 21-day entry restriction is operating without incident on the Tuesday airline-manifest sweep across the JFK / IAD / ATL / ORD / SFO funnel airports. Monarez reaffirms a LOW immediate risk assessment for the U.S. general public and confirms that compassionate-use mAb114 under the Zaire-only label is being made available to the BNI Hamburg patient via BARDA's IND pipeline.

ECDC Stockholm's 19 May Tuesday situation update on the BDBV outbreak: EU/EEA risk held VERY LOW for general residents and LOW for travellers visiting Ituri, North Kivu, Kinshasa or Uganda's western border districts; the Threat Tracking Tool is updated with the INRB sequencing publish, the Hamburg BNI Stafford admission, and the third Uganda Kampala case. ECDC reissues the BDBV laboratory-testing guidance for high-risk contacts with updated PCR primer panels co-developed with the Bernhard-Nocht-Institut and confirms its co-chair role with WHO Europe at the Brussels HSC Wednesday follow-up where the BDBV response is the second-half agenda item.

Reuters Africa-desk wire from Rwampara on 19 May Tuesday: four additional laboratory-confirmed BDBV cases from the Rwampara health-zone field hospital are added to the line list, all healthcare-worker contacts of the original Mongbwalu cluster who were ring-listed on 13 May, all admitted to the MSF Rwampara field hospital on PPE-strict isolation. The MSF site lead Dr Marie-José Frémery tells Reuters the 18-bed Rwampara facility is at 14/18 occupancy with 1 deceased patient on the Sunday cohort; the Bunia airbridge is moving an additional 12 international staff and 2 mobile sequencing platforms across the Tuesday window.

Public Health Agency of Canada chief PHO Dr Joss Reimer issues a 19 May Tuesday-afternoon Ottawa statement on Canadian BDBV preparedness following the PHEIC declaration: enhanced entry screening is activated at Toronto Pearson, Montreal Trudeau, Vancouver International and Calgary International for travellers from DRC, Uganda and South Sudan; the National Microbiology Laboratory Winnipeg has stood up a 24/7 BDBV reference-PCR shift; and the Canadian Red Cross / IFRC corridor for safe-burial PPE airlifts to Goma is activated under the Pandemic Fund earmark. No suspect cases are reported in Canada; the PHAC reference-page is refreshed daily at 09:00 EDT.

STAT News publishes a 19 May Tuesday-evening 22:00 EDT (04:00 CEST Wednesday) deep-dive on the compassionate-use mAb114 administration to Dr Peter Stafford at the BNI Hamburg: although mAb114 is only licensed for Zaire ebolavirus, the in-vitro neutralisation data from the Vanderbilt and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics labs against the new Ituri BDBV consensus shows partial cross-neutralisation, which BARDA cited as sufficient rationale for the IND. The piece quotes Vanderbilt's James Crowe and CDC-VSPB's Christina Spiropoulou; it also surfaces a parallel inmazeb (REGN-EB3) and ZMapp evaluation that BARDA is fast-tracking through compassionate-use pathways.

Associated Press files a 19 May Tuesday-evening Bunia wire: the cordon-style perimeter at the Bunia Ebola Treatment Centre is now under joint MONUSCO / FARDC / WHO security with the Salama-clinic and Rwampara field-hospital sites under similar daylight-and-night coverage; AP reporters witness the staggered admission of 14 suspect cases off the Mongbwalu–Bunia corridor through the Tuesday afternoon and 6 deceased patients moved to the joint MSF / DRC Red Cross safe-burial site outside Bunia. AP and the BBC's Joint Africa Bureau confirm the suspected-case caseload has crossed 430 across nine Ituri health zones plus Kinshasa, Goma and Kampala.

WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus issues a 19 May 22:00 CEST Tuesday-evening statement on the Bundibugyo response: cumulative line list rises to 16 lab-confirmed cases (13 DRC, 3 Uganda) and >110 deaths against 430+ suspected cases per the joint INRB / Uganda CPHL / NICD reference-laboratory close at 18:00 CAT. Tedros confirms the IHR Emergency Committee will reconvene on 9 June to review the PHEIC determination; thanks Africa CDC Director-General Dr Jean Kaseya for the 72-hour IMST update; and flags the BNI Hamburg compassionate-use mAb114 infusion as the first cross-species filovirus-mAb administration on the BDBV consensus.

The CDC and Department of Homeland Security issue a Title 42 order imposing a 21-day entry restriction on non-US passport holders who have been in the DRC, Uganda or South Sudan in the prior 21 days. CDC simultaneously raises the DRC travel notice to Level 2 (Practice Enhanced Precautions) and Uganda to Level 1 (Practice Usual Precautions); airline manifests are screened against the watchlist by CBP at JFK, IAD, ATL, ORD and SFO funnel airports.

Dr Peter Stafford is medically evacuated by US State Department / Phoenix Air air-ambulance to the Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin in Hamburg — the closest high-containment facility with prior Ebola-care experience (2014 Sierra Leone repatriation). His wife and Dr Patrick LaRochelle accompany the flight for asymptomatic observation at the BNI's high-consequence-infectious-disease ward; BARDA and the CDC discuss compassionate-use mAb114 / inmazeb under the IND mechanism despite the Zaire-only label.

CDC Atlanta deploys an international response team to the DRC and Uganda under the Global Rapid Response Team mechanism: 22 epidemiologists, IPC specialists and laboratorians are mobilised, with the first wave landing at N'djili Kinshasa late on 18 May en route to Bunia. The Acting CDC Director's Monday telebriefing reaffirms a 'LOW immediate risk' assessment for the US general public; the EOC is activated at Level 2 with the Bundibugyo response folded into the broader filovirus preparedness portfolio.

Africa CDC Director-General tells BBC News on 18 May that at least 100 people have died in the Ituri outbreak and more than 390 suspected cases are now under investigation across nine health zones in Ituri Province plus Kinshasa and Goma. Field hospitals are being stood up in Bunia as existing wards are overwhelmed; BBC and AP teams report on the cordon-style perimeter at the Bunia Ebola Treatment Centre and the staggered admission of suspect cases off the Mongbwalu–Bunia corridor.

WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, on the advice of the IHR Emergency Committee, determines that the Ebola disease caused by Bundibugyo virus in the DRC and Uganda constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern under IHR Article 12 (not a pandemic emergency). Temporary Recommendations cover head-of-state-led EOC activation, cross-border screening at airports and land crossings, 21-day contact monitoring, and accelerated clinical trials for candidate Bundibugyo therapeutics and vaccines.

A laboratory-confirmed Kinshasa BDBV case is announced by the DRC Ministry of Health in an individual returning from Ituri (an earlier 16 May suspect-case had tested negative on confirmatory INRB testing and is therefore not counted). The patient is hospitalised at the Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa under high-consequence-infectious-disease precautions; contact tracing is launched at the N'djili International Airport and along the Ituri–Kinshasa air corridor.

A separate BDBV-positive case is confirmed in Goma, the North Kivu provincial capital currently under M23 administrative control, in a woman who travelled from Ituri Province. The case underscores cross-province amplification risk along the Goma–Bunia road and the Lake Kivu basin; humanitarian access for contact tracing is hampered by the ongoing security situation and the lack of a unified provincial command in North Kivu.

Dr Peter Stafford — an American physician with the Pennsylvania-based Christian medical mission Serge, working at Nyankunde Hospital outside Bunia since 2023 — tests positive for Bundibugyo virus at the INRB-supported Bunia field laboratory under joint Africa CDC and WHO supervision. His wife Dr Rebekah Stafford and colleague Dr Patrick LaRochelle remain asymptomatic on day-0 PCR and enter 21-day high-risk contact monitoring; six exposed Americans in total are placed under enhanced surveillance.

ECDC Stockholm activates its Threat Tracking Tool for the Bundibugyo outbreak and publishes a rapid risk note: the likelihood of infection for EU/EEA residents is assessed as very low (low likelihood of importation, very low likelihood of secondary transmission); for EU/EEA travellers in or near Ituri Province the risk is low. ECDC coordinates with Africa CDC, WHO and the European Commission HSC; Member States are advised to refresh BDBV-suspect case definitions and laboratory referral pathways.

Africa CDC convenes an urgent regional coordination meeting at the African Union HQ with the DRC, Uganda, South Sudan, WHO, UNICEF, the African Medicines Agency, the US CDC and the Pandemic Fund. An Incident Management Support Team is activated with a 72-hour action plan: multidisciplinary surge teams deployed, a medical countermeasures workstream stood up under the AMA, sequencing and R&D coordination mandated, and political escalation routed through African Union leadership.

Uganda confirms a second laboratory-positive imported BDBV case in Kampala, identified within 24 hours of the index decedent — an individual returning from Ituri with no apparent epidemiological link to the first case. The Ministry of Health flags this as evidence of multiple independent introduction events and triggers the National Task Force on Public Health Emergencies; the patient is moved into isolation at the Entebbe Hospital high-consequence-infectious-disease ward.

Médecins Sans Frontières announces a large-scale operational response to the Ituri outbreak from its Salama clinic in Bunia, where three suspected BDBV cases have already been isolated. MSF deploys additional medical, logistical and water-sanitation teams experienced in viral haemorrhagic fever, along with PPE, body bags and rapid-deployment Ebola treatment-centre tents. The DRC Health Minister announces three new treatment centres to be commissioned in Bunia, Rwampara and Mongbwalu.

INRB Kinshasa confirms Bundibugyo virus in 8 of 13 samples (5 inconclusive, 0 negative) from the Rwampara and Mongbwalu panel by orthoebolavirus-specific RT-PCR and partial GP-gene Sanger sequencing. The DRC Ministry of Health, in a joint press statement with the Africa CDC, declares the 17th Ebola disease outbreak in the country and the first Bundibugyo emergence since the 2012 Isiro cluster. Cumulative tally to date: 8 confirmed and 246 suspected cases across three Ituri health zones (Bunia, Rwampara, Mongbwalu) with 80 suspected deaths including 4 among confirmed cases.

Uganda's Central Emergency Surveillance and Response Support Laboratory (Wandegeya) issues final confirmation of Bundibugyo virus in the 59-yo Kibuli Muslim Hospital decedent. The Ministry of Health declares the imported case in a public statement and announces enhanced entry screening at Entebbe International Airport and the Mpondwe / Bunagana / Goli land crossings; 65 contacts are listed, 15 classified high-risk under 21-day follow-up.

Uganda's first BDBV imported case dies at Kibuli Muslim Hospital on day three of admission. A clinical sample collected on admission is referred to the Central Public Health Laboratory at Wandegeya for orthoebolavirus PCR; provisional reading on the evening of 14 May is positive for Bundibugyo virus, prompting Uganda's Public Health Emergency Operations Centre to be activated overnight and 47 hospital contacts to be ring-fenced.

DRC Ministry of Health rapid-response team — joined by WHO AFRO, MSF, and Africa CDC field epidemiologists — conducts an in-depth investigation across the Rwampara and Mongbwalu health zones. 13 patient samples are collected, cold-chain packaged and shipped to the INRB (Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale) in Kinshasa for orthoebolavirus and arbovirus differential PCR; the team also begins active case-finding in six Rwampara health areas.

A 59-year-old Congolese man with recent travel from Ituri Province is admitted to Kibuli Muslim Hospital, Kampala, with severe febrile illness, vomiting and mucosal bleeding. Initial differential diagnoses (falciparum malaria, typhoid, viral hepatitis) are pursued in parallel; the clinical team flags the case to the Uganda Ministry of Health on 12 May after the patient deteriorates rapidly despite first-line antimalarial therapy.

WHO Geneva is formally alerted by the DRC International Health Regulations focal point to an unknown high-mortality illness in Mongbwalu Health Zone with four healthcare-worker deaths inside four days. WHO AFRO activates a multidisciplinary support team; the country office in Kinshasa coordinates with the INRB to dispatch a rapid response team and biosafe sample-collection kits to Bunia.

Four healthcare workers at Mongbwalu General Referral Hospital die within four days of each other after caring for severely febrile patients linked back to Case A's contact chain. The cluster prompts the Ituri Provincial Health Division to file the alert that triggers the 5 May WHO notification; IPC assessments later identify multiple breaches in personal protective equipment use and patient triage at the facility.